This data resource consists of two files: (a) 1x1 km resolution Average Accumulated Exceedance (AAE) data summarising the exceedances of acidity critical loads for eight habitats; (b) 1x1 km resolution AAE data summarising the exceedances of nutrient nitrogen critical loads for thirteen habitats. The data provide information on the amount of excess acid or nitrogen deposition above the critical load values set to protect acid- and nitrogen-sensitive habitats in the UK. The AAE has been calculated using UK 5x5 km Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) data for 2017-19 (https://doi.org/10.5285/1efa692d-76ca-406e-8736-837a457e16ee). The data were generated under Defra-funded work to assess the potential areas of acid and nitrogen sensitive habitats at risk of adverse impacts from excess atmospheric acid and nitrogen deposition. Reducing the area and amount of critical load exceedance continues to be a driver of Government policy on reducing emissions of acidic and nitrogen-containing air pollutants (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/049b5fd2-3f12-48fc-8b43-57fa4db649ae

[This dataset is embargoed until March 22, 2023]. This dataset contains time series observations of land surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), methane (CH4) and meteorological observations measured at two locations in the Flow Country blanket bog complex, Caithness and Sutherland, UK. The tower over the area affected by wildfire after initial felling (UK-DKF) is located at 58.431, -3.96 and monitors across a footprint affected by a wildfire in early May 2019. The tower over the area felled for restoration after previous afforestation (UK-DKE-RESTORED, which was not affected by the wildfire) is located at 58.428, -3.967 and measures fluxes from a footprint identical in ground flora, topography, soil type and previous management to that of the FIRE tower, with the only exception that the fire did not reach as far as the footprint monitored. The dataset comprises eddy covariance CO2, water and energy fluxes, originally collected at 20Hz and processed to 30-minute data, as well as accompanying meteorological observations, originally collected at 15 min and processed to 30-minute data. The time period covered in this dataset is 25/09/2019 – 20/05/2021. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/d4a7ca90-0c62-4a31-986e-f433e1644bf3

This is a dataset obtained from analysis of lake sediment and overlying water from six sites along a depth gradient, in Loch Leven, Scotland, over a period of one year. Parameters measured from the water and included in the dataset are dissolved oxygen concentration, conductivity, pH, temperature, concentrations of three forms of phosphorus, and ammonium and silica concentrations. Chlorophyll a concentration measured from the sediment surface is included, and within the sediment concentrations of seven different forms of phosphorus are provided. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/76a2bd9a-fb02-4f37-91b9-4835eb31ab7b

This data is the fruit set and marketable fruit set (percentage and success: failure) of commercial raspberry plants under four different pollination treatments. The data also includes fruit measurements (weight in grams and length and width in mms) of these fruit and the number of seeds per fruit for a subset of the collected fruits. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/de5b4f33-f679-4798-8daf-51a314e78204

Dataset comprising data on the lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of 879 individually marked long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus, a cooperatively breeding passerine. LRS is measured in terms of the number of local recruits into the breeding population in the study area, controlling for fledgling sex and extra-pair paternity. LRS data are then partitioned into direct and indirect fitness components, quantified as genetic equivalents. Partitioning of fitness follows Hamilton’s definition of inclusive fitness: (a) direct fitness is measured as the production of offspring, stripped of the social effect of helpers on productivity; (b) indirect fitness is calculated from the mean marginal effect of a helper on productivity, adjusted for helper relatedness. Inclusive fitness is calculated by summing direct and indirect fitness. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0e55f507-e5bd-4678-a5ea-8c3ffb62d3ac

The dataset details global positioning system (GPS) locations and elevations recorded for 1323 sampling sites across UK saltmarshes. Between 2018 and 2021, soil was sampled at 1323 locations as part of the Carbon Storage in Intertidal Environments (C-SIDE) project to facilitate the calculation of saltmarsh soil organic carbon stocks and burial rates. Sites were chosen to represent contrasting habitat types in the UK, in particular sediment types, vegetation and sea level history. The work was carried out under the NERC programme - Carbon Storage in Intertidal Environment (C-SIDE), NERC grant reference NE/R010846/1. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/d61b6033-be45-4682-b4dc-a2f95feefa7d

The dataset consists of a continuous time series of heat (latent and sensible) and trace gas (carbon dioxide and methane) fluxes obtained by eddy-covariance, gas concentrations and some ancillary meteorological data (e.g. air temperature, relative humidity, pressure, photosynthetically active radiation, total incoming radiation, wind speed and direction). The data were collected at Nxaraga, on the south edge of Chief’s Island (19°32'53''S; 23°10'45"E), in the seasonally flooded area of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, for the purpose of quantifying greenhouse gas fluxes from seasonal floodplains. The data is reported at half-hourly interval for the measurement period 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2020. Missing data were caused by instrumentation downtime and are reported as -9999. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/2170ebd0-7e6f-4871-97d9-1d42e210468f

This dataset provides linear trends, over varying time periods, for the Collated Indices of individual butterfly species across the UK. The main statistical values derived from a linear regression (slope, standard error, P-value) are presented for the entire time series for each species (1976# to the present year), for the last 20 years, and for the last decade. In addition, trends are classified based on the direction and significance of a linear slope together with an estimated percentage change for that time period. These trend data are provided for all UK butterfly species for which we have sufficient data (58 species). Trends are calculated by performing a linear regression on the annual Collated indices for each species. Collated indices are calculated using a log-linear model incorporating individual site indices from all monitored sites across the UK for a given species in a given year. This dataset provides linear trends, over varying time periods, for the Collated Indices of individual butterfly species across the UK. The main statistical values derived from a linear regression (slope, standard error, P-value) are presented for the entire time series for each species (1976# to the present year), for the last 20 years, and for the last decade. In addition, trends are classified based on the direction and significance of a linear slope together with an estimated percentage change for that time period. These trend data are provided for all UK butterfly species for which we have sufficient data (58 species). Trends are calculated by performing a linear regression on the annual Collated indices for each species. Collated indices are calculated using a log-linear model incorporating individual site indices from all monitored sites across the UK for a given species in a given year. Trends across different time series allow us to determine the long and short-term status of individual species. This is enables us to focus conservation and research and also to assess species responses to conservation already in place. The UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme is organized and funded by Butterfly Conservation (BC), the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). The UKBMS is indebted to all volunteers who contribute data to the scheme. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. #Because the Collated indices are only calculated for each species in years in which it was recorded on five or more sites, the starting year for the series is later than 1976 for a number of rarer species. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/236ee6bd-2330-4f84-a871-5a8ebe1925b5

Air temperature, solar radiation flux, wind speed and lake water temperatures at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 m depth are measured at an automatic monitoring buoy in Blelham Tarn. All data is given in GMT (Greenwich Mean Time). This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/467942bd-2cd5-4038-bc4f-5d77535d99f1

This dataset comprises individual site indices for UK butterfly species calculated from data from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS). Site indices are a relative rather than an absolute measure of the size of a population, and have been shown to relate closely to other, more intensive, measures of population size such as mark, release, recapture (MRR) methods. The site index can be thought of as a relative measure of the population size, being a more or less constant proportion of the number of butterflies present. The proportion seen is likely to vary according to species; some butterfly species are more conspicuous and thus more easily detected, whereas others are much less easy to see. Site indices are only calculated at sites with sufficient monitoring visits throughout the season, or for targeted reduced effort surveys (timed observations, larval web counts and egg counts) where counts are generally obtained as close to the peak of the flight period as possible and are subsequently adjusted for the time of year and size of the site (area of suitable habitat type for a given species). Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey (WCBS) sites are thus excluded because they are based on very few visits from which indices of abundance are not calculated. For transect sites, a statistical model (a General Additive Model, 'GAM') is used to impute missing values and to calculate a site index. Each year most transect sites (over 90%) produce an index for at least one species and in recent years site indices have been calculated for over 2,000 sites across the UK. Site indices are subsequently collated to contribute to the overall 'Collated Index' for each species, which are relative measures of the abundance of each species across a geographical area, for example, across the whole UK or at country level for England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Individual site indices are important in informing conservation management as not all sites show the same patterns for each species and likely reflect a combination of local climate and habitat management at the site. The UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme is organized and funded by Butterfly Conservation (BC), the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). The UKBMS is indebted to all volunteers who contribute data to the scheme. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/180a1c76-bceb-4264-872b-deddfe67b3de