This dataset comprises observations of snowline from the Snow Survey of Great Britain (SSGB) at 140 sites across Scotland . Daily observations were made between 1945 and 2007. Observations were made by a ground observer who looked out from a given location at 0900 GMT each day and noted the elevation at which snow cover was greater than 50%. The initial aim was to 'secure representative data relating to the occurrence of snow cover at different altitudes in the various upland districts over the period October to June'. The data were collated by the British Glaciological Society until 1954 and thereafter by the Met Office. It has been transcribed from paper records held in the Met Office archives in Edinburgh. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/caf989a5-82d7-4db7-b6ff-c0475fdae07e

This dataset contains fire emissions from Equatorial Asia for the years 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2015. The data is based on the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research with the addition of emissions from Indonesian peat fires, which contribute substantially to fire emissions in the region. The files for each year contain daily information on the area burned and emissions of several species, including CO, CO2 and PM2.5. Data is given for individual fires at 1km resolution. Fire emissions are provided for each year both for fires as measured, and under a scenario where degraded peatland in the region has been partially restored, reducing fire emissions. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/fdae44ed-8b22-4935-b889-b4b271138385

This dataset provides UK maps of baseline prior uncertainty (UQ) in fluxes of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide, CO2 (2014-15) and methane, CH4 (2015). Spatial maps of these GHG emissions are produced annually in the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) but it is important to quantify uncertainty in these maps. These uncertainty estimates come from sectoral uncertainty data provided by the NAEI. Here, we propagate the uncertainty in the maps for each of the sectors contributing to the emissions using a Monte Carlo method, in order to quantify the uncertainty in the total emissions spatially. The Monte Carlo method employed here uses a novel approach (Nearest Neighbour Gaussian Process) to make calculations computationally affordable. These estimate the influence on the overall uncertainty of unknown errors in the model structure. Further details of the methodology used here can be found in the supporting documentation included with this data. In the near term, this methodology will be used and developed further in the NERC-funded project, DARE-UK (NE/S003614/1), to update UQ in maps of CO2 and CH4 for the UK. For that work and in general, it is useful to have a baseline prior uncertainty quantification against which future UK maps of uncertainty in CO2 and CH4 fluxes can be compared. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/739c65a5-12c0-439b-bbcd-1252a4086e87

The data provide critical loads of acidity, and of nutrient nitrogen for the distributions of UK habitats sensitive to acidification and/or eutrophication. Critical loads have been calculated and applied to UK natural and semi-natural habitats sensitive to acidification and/or eutrophication (excess nitrogen as a nutrient). Critical loads data are available for these habitat types at 1x1 km resolution for the UK. In addition, acidity critical loads are available for 1752 selected freshwater sites throughout the UK. Critical loads are defined as the maximum pollutant load (of acid or nitrogen deposition) that a sensitive element of the environment (e.g., soils, vegetation) can tolerate without adverse harmful effects occurring, according to present knowledge. Habitat distributions are defined from a combination of CEH Land Cover Map 2000 and a number of ancillary data sets (e.g., species distributions, altitude, soils), used to further refine their distributions. It should be noted that the habitat distributions maps and areas provided here and used for UK critical loads research for Defra (a) only include areas where data exist for the calculation or derivation of critical loads; (b) may differ from other national habitat distribution maps or estimates of habitat areas. This may also result in a difference in the total habitat areas mapped for acidity and for nutrient nitrogen critical loads. The data have been generated under numerous Defra-funded contracts that brought together UK experts on the impacts of air pollution on UK habitats. The acidity critical loads data were last revised in 2004 and the nutrient nitrogen critical loads data were updated in 2011. The data are based on methods agreed at national and international meetings and workshops held under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/299e2779-0787-46bb-9482-03ad474eae27

This data resource consists of two files: (a) 1x1 km resolution Average Accumulated Exceedance (AAE) data summarising the exceedances of acidity critical loads for eight habitats; (b) 1x1 km resolution AAE data summarising the exceedances of nutrient nitrogen critical loads for thirteen habitats. The data provide information on the amount of excess acid or nitrogen deposition above the critical load values set to protect acid- and nitrogen-sensitive habitats in the UK. The AAE has been calculated using UK 5x5 km Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) data for 2013-15 (https://doi.org/10.5285/fd8151e9-0ee2-4dfa-a254-470c9bb9bc1e). The data were generated under Defra-funded work to assess the potential areas of acid and nitrogen sensitive habitats at risk of adverse impacts from excess atmospheric acid and nitrogen deposition. Reducing the area and amount of critical load exceedance continues to be a driver of Government policy on reducing emissions of acidic and nitrogen-containing air pollutants (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e32745d2-fb56-4f91-a235-6b213a8b45cb

Data comprise monthly ammonia air concentrations from UK CEH ALPHA® (Adapted Low-cost Passive High Absorption) samplers co-located with UKEAP DELTA sites. The UK Eutrophying and Acidifying atmospheric Pollutants (UKEAP) network measures air pollutants at rural sites across the UK. The UK CEH ALPHA® sampler is a passive sampler for measuring NH3 in air. Originally the purpose of these measurements was for a calibrated ALPHA® uptake rate for the UK CEH Edinburgh research laboratory. Local site operator duties are completed by UK CEH staff and AFBI staff (at Hillsborough) and analysis is completed by UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Edinburgh. The sites were set up on 1st March 2020 and measurements are ongoing. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/1766eb32-1878-47e6-8dc8-d434957d1e32

[This dataset is embargoed until March 22, 2023]. This dataset contains time series observations of land surface-atmosphere exchanges of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), methane (CH4) and meteorological observations measured at two locations in the Flow Country blanket bog complex, Caithness and Sutherland, UK. The tower over the area affected by wildfire after initial felling (UK-DKF) is located at 58.431, -3.96 and monitors across a footprint affected by a wildfire in early May 2019. The tower over the area felled for restoration after previous afforestation (UK-DKE-RESTORED, which was not affected by the wildfire) is located at 58.428, -3.967 and measures fluxes from a footprint identical in ground flora, topography, soil type and previous management to that of the FIRE tower, with the only exception that the fire did not reach as far as the footprint monitored. The dataset comprises eddy covariance CO2, water and energy fluxes, originally collected at 20Hz and processed to 30-minute data, as well as accompanying meteorological observations, originally collected at 15 min and processed to 30-minute data. The time period covered in this dataset is 25/09/2019 – 20/05/2021. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/d4a7ca90-0c62-4a31-986e-f433e1644bf3

The data offers insights to utility of single particle ultraviolet light- induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) measurements in providing quantification and spatio-temporal characterisation of bioaerosols alongside the size distribution and characteristics of biological materials in airborne particles based on intrinsic bio fluorophores signatures. A novel ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) based bioaerosol sensor unit (Spectral Intensity Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS)) was evaluated. The SIBS measures size, number, shape, and resolved fluorescence emission across 16 wavelength bands from 298 - 735 nm for two excitation wavelengths (285 nm and 370 nm) for single particles in real-time. Measurements entailed the chamber-based studies and real world environments (composting, dairy farms, chicken farms, sewage treatment plants, urban background, agricultural). This data stems as a part of a project (Detection and characterisation of inflammatory agents associated with bioaerosol emitted from biowaste and intensive agriculture) funded by the Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M01163/1]. The award was made under the auspices of the Environmental Microbiology and Human Health programme. The principal purpose was to assess the capabilities of the SIBS to enhance understanding of the bioaerosols emission and dispersion from industrial processes. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/98970053-b34c-44da-97bd-fbfc38fa8b7a

This is a dataset of environmental data, vegetation cover, and community- and species-level invertebrate herbivory, sampled at 14 experimental soil plots in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland, from May to July 2017. The plots span a temperature gradient of 5-35 °C on average over the sampling period, yet they occur within 1 km of each other and have similar soil moisture, pH, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/da5d7028-2aec-4da2-96ff-f347a0dfa77e

[THIS DATASET HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN]. This dataset provides Concentration Based Estimated Deposition (CBED) values of sulphur and nitrogen atmospheric deposition for 1x1 kilometres (km) grid squares of the UK averaged over the years 2018 to 2020. The data consist of deposition values for sulphur, oxidised nitrogen and reduced nitrogen, and base cations. Total deposition is the sum of four components calculated separately: wet deposition, dry deposition of gases, dry deposition of particulate matter and cloud droplet deposition. Habitat-specific data are provided for (i) moorland/short vegetation everywhere, and (ii) forest everywhere. Additionally, the grid square average over multiple land cover types (i.e. arable, grassland, forest, moorland, urban) is also calculated. The habitat-specific data are recommended for use with critical loads for the calculation of critical load exceedances. The work in generating and compiling the dataset has been funded by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and various Departments for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) contracts. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/4a5a9140-96f1-4aee-b547-ef570238fdbd