This dataset comprises estimates of forest above-ground biomass for the years 2010, 2017 and 2018. They are derived from a combination of Earth observation data, depending on the year, from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission, Envisat’s ASAR instrument and JAXA’s Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS-1 and ALOS-2), along with additional information from Earth observation sources. The data has been produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA's) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme by the Biomass CCI team. This release of the data is version 3. Compared to version 2, this is a consolidated version of the Above Ground Biomass (AGB) maps. This version also includes a preliminary estimate of AGB changes for two epochs. The data products consist of two (2) global layers that include estimates of: 1) above ground biomass (AGB, unit: tons/ha i.e., Mg/ha) (raster dataset). This is defined as the mass, expressed as oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees excluding stump and roots 2) per-pixel estimates of above-ground biomass uncertainty expressed as the standard deviation in Mg/ha (raster dataset) In addition, files describing the AGB change between 2018 and the other two years are provided (labelled as 2018_2010 and 2018_2017). These consist of two sets of maps: the standard deviation of the AGB change and a quality flag of the AGB change. Note that the change itself can be simply computed as the difference between two AGB maps, so is not provided directly. Data are provided in both netcdf and geotiff format.

This dataset is comprised of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data collected at the Wytham Woods, Oxfordshire during the winter period of 2015/16 when leaves were off the deciduous trees. The data underpins the study into laser scanning potential underestimation of biomass carbon in a temperate forest. TLS data were collected on a 20 m x 20 m grid where at each position the scanner captured data in an upright and tilted position. The scanner was set to an angular step of 0.04 degrees. In between each scan position, a set of retro-reflective targets were positioned to be used as tie-points between scans. Scan data were coregistered using the RiSCAN Pro software package, the 4x4 rotation transformation matrices to transform the point cloud data into a common reference coordinate system can be found in the "matrix" directory

This dataset contains Aerial LiDAR (also known as airborne laser scanning, ALS) data in .las format collected over tropical forests in Nouragues in French Guiana in 2019. The data were collected by Altoa using a BN2 aircraft flying at approximately 900 m altitude at a speed of approximately 180 km/hr. Trajectory files in txt format giving detailed flight data are included with the archived dataset. The LiDAR instrument was RIEGL LMS-Q780 and used a minimum pulse density of 15 points/sqm. The lateral overlap between two flight lines was 80%. with a Scan angle of +/- 30 degrees. The data coordinate reference system used with the data files is epsg 2972 more details of this and of the Nouragues site can be found in the documentation section.

This dataset contains Aerial LiDAR (also known as airborne laser scanning, ALS) data in .las format collected over tropical forests in Paracou in French Guiana in 2019. The data were collected by Altoa using a BN2 aircraft flying at approximately 900 m altitude at a speed of approximately 180 km/hr. Trajectory files in txt format giving detailed flight data are included with the archived dataset. The LiDAR instrume was a RIEGL LMS-Q780 and used a minimum pulse density of 15 points/sqm. The lateral overlap between two flight lines was 80% with a scan angle of +/- 30 degrees. The data coordinate reference system used with the data files is epsg 2972 more details of this and of the Paracou site can be found in the documentation section.

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD13A2 Global MODIS vegetation indices are designed to provide consistent spatial and temporal comparisons of vegetation conditions. Blue, red, and near-infrared reflectances, centered at 469-nanometers, 645-nanometers, and 858-nanometers, respectively, are used to determine the MODIS daily vegetation indices. The MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) complements NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) NDVI products providing continuity for time series applications over this rich historical archive. MODIS also includes a new Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product that minimizes canopy background variations and maintains sensitivity over dense vegetation conditions. The EVI also uses the blue band to remove residual atmosphere contamination caused by smoke and sub-pixel thin cloud clouds. The MODIS NDVI and EVI products are computed from atmospherically-corrected bi-directional surface reflectances that have been masked for water, clouds, heavy aerosols, and cloud shadows. Global MOD13A2 data are provided every 16 days at 1-kilometer spatial resolution as a gridded level-3 product in the Sinusoidal projection. Vegetation indices are used for global monitoring of vegetation conditions and are used in products displaying land cover and land cover changes. These data may be used as input for modeling global biogeochemical and hydrologic processes and global and regional climate. These data also may be used for characterizing land surface biophysical properties and processes, including primary production and land cover conversion. Collection-5 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices products are Validated at Stage 2, meaning that accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods via several ground-truth and validation efforts. Although there may be later improved versions, these data are ready for use in scientific publications. Shortname: MOD13A2 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 16 day , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE35 , File Naming Convention: MOD13A2.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Kamel Didan - University of Arizona, Alfredo Huete - University of Technology Sydney and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MOD13A2 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD13A2.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Canopy Characteristics, Biomass, Vegetation Index, Plant Phenology, Length of Growing Season

The NCEO Kenya forest aboveground biomass map shows aboveground woody biomass (AGB) in Kenyan forests. Forest areas include vegetated wetlands and wooded grassland for the year 2015. The map was generated by combining field inventory plots (KFS) with Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS-2), Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-2) and multispectral optical data (NASA Landsat 8), by means of a Random Forests algorithm within a k-Fold calibration/validation framework. The characterization of carbon stocks and dynamics at the national level is critical for countries engaging in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, several tropical countries, including Kenya, lack the essential information typically provided by a complete national forest inventory. These data were produced by the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Leicester, in collaboration with the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) with funding from the NCEO ODA Programme. Known Issues: Residual scan line corrector (SLC) effects due to the use of the SLEEK land cover product as a retrieval mask (derived from Landsat imagery) are visible in some areas

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD13A2 Global MODIS vegetation indices are designed to provide consistent spatial and temporal comparisons of vegetation conditions. Blue, red, and near-infrared reflectances, centered at 469-nanometers, 645-nanometers, and 858-nanometers, respectively, are used to determine the MODIS daily vegetation indices. The MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) complements NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) NDVI products providing continuity for time series applications over this rich historical archive. MODIS also includes a new Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) product that minimizes canopy background variations and maintains sensitivity over dense vegetation conditions. The EVI also uses the blue band to remove residual atmosphere contamination caused by smoke and sub-pixel thin cloud clouds. The MODIS NDVI and EVI products are computed from atmospherically-corrected bi-directional surface reflectances that have been masked for water, clouds, heavy aerosols, and cloud shadows. Global MYD13A2 data are provided every 16 days at 1-kilometer spatial resolution as a gridded level-3 product in the Sinusoidal projection. Vegetation indices are used for global monitoring of vegetation conditions and are used in products displaying land cover and land cover changes. These data may be used as input for modeling global biogeochemical and hydrologic processes and global and regional climate. These data also may be used for characterizing land surface biophysical properties and processes, including primary production and land cover conversion. Collection-5 MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices products are Validated at Stage 2, meaning that accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods via several ground-truth and validation efforts. Although there may be later improved versions, these data are ready for use in scientific publications. Shortname: MYD13A2 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 16 day , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE35 , File Naming Convention: MYD13A2.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Kamel Didan - University of Arizona, Alfredo Huete - University of Technology Sydney and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MYD13A2 MODIS/Aqua Vegetation Indices 16-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD13A2.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Canopy Characteristics, Biomass, Vegetation Index, Plant Phenology, Length of Growing Season

Collection and preservation of open ocean water samples from stations along a transect in the Barents Sea over the course of a year from July 2017 - July 2018. Four cruises in total to cover seasonal changes, two on board the James Clark Ross (RRS) and two aboard the Helmer Hansen (RV). A standard CTD cast was deployed to collect the samples, the depths were selected to support Primary Production experiments on board the ship, with deep samples representing 1% PAR. Research assistants from SAMS (Scottish Association for Marine Science) were responsible for the sample collection and Elaine Mitchell of SAMS was responsible for the sample analysis and data processing. This work was funded by Arctic PRIZE - NERC Thematic grant - Changing Arctic Ocean (CAO) programme - NE/P006302/1.

This is a mixed data set held in six excel files, containing processed acoustic backscatter data, mesopelagic fish abundance and swimbladder contents from night time sampled RMT25 nets, plus net catch data for all fauna combined and dominant mesopelagic fish in night time RMT25. Acoustic backscatter data is from 6 latitudinal acoustic transects spanning the Scotia Sea, obtained during cruises JR161, JR177, JR200, JR15002 and JR15004 (two transects). Data were collected using a Simrad EK60 echo sounder at 38 kHz. The EK60 was run continuously between Stanley (Falkland Islands) and Signy (South Orkney Islands). Fish data was collected using RMT25 night time net samples from 5 cruises JR161, JR177, JR200, JR15004 and JR16003. The data set focuses on 11 species of mesopelagic fish Bathylagus species, Cyclothone species, Electrona antarctica, Electrona carlsbergi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Gymnoscopelus fraseri, Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Krefftichthys anderssoni, Protomyctophum bolini, Protomyctophum tenisoni and Notolepis species. Abundance and proportion data was obtained for combined fish species, and identified by net tow and latitude. Biomass for all fauna and the 11 fish species was calculated from RMT25 night catch log data. Myctophid gas presence absence was determined from a combination of dissection, Computed Tomography and soft tissue X-ray. Funding was provided by the NERC grants NE/L002434/1 and bas010017. This data is embargoed until August 2019.

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD15A2H The level-4 MODIS global Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) product is composited every 8 days at 1-kilometer resolution on a Sinusoidal grid. Science Data Sets provided in the MCD15A2H include LAI, FPAR, a quality assurance rating, and standard deviation for each variable. The LAI variable defines the number of equivalent layers of leaves relative to a unit of ground area, whereas FPAR measures the proportion of available radiation in the photosynthetically active wavelengths that are absorbed by a canopy. Both variables are used as satellite-derived parameters for calculating surface photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, and net primary production, which in turn are used to calculate terrestrial energy, carbon, water cycle processes, and biogeochemistry of vegetation. Collection-5 MODIS Combined Terra and Aqua LAI products are Validated Stage 2, accuracy has been assessed over a widely distributed set of locations and time periods via several ground-truth and validation efforts. Collection-5 MODIS/Terra FPAR products are Validated Stage 1, meaning that accuracy has been estimated using a small number of independent measurements obtained from selected locations and time periods and ground-truth/field program efforts. Although there may be later improved versions, these data are ready for use in scientific publications. Shortname: MCD15A2H , Platform: Combined Aqua Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-4 , Spatial Resolution: 500 m , Temporal Resolution: 8 day , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE34 , File Naming Convention: MCD15A2H.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Ranga Myneni, Knyazikhin, Yuri, Taejin Park - Boston University and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MOD15A2H MODIS/Combined Terra+Aqua Leaf Area Index/FPAR Daily L4 Global 500m SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD15A2H.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Biomass, Evapotranspiration, Plant Phenology, Forest Composition/Vegetation Structure, Length of Growing Season, Leaf Characteristics, Canopy Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation