Under the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the Working Group on Cloupled Modelling (WGCM) established the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) as a standard experimental protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). CMIP provides a community-based infrastructure in support of climate model diagnosis, validation, intercomparison, documentation and data access. This framework enables a diverse community of scientists to analyze GCMs in a systematic fashion, a process which serves to facilitate model improvement. The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) archives much of the CMIP data. Part of the CMIP archive constitutes phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), a collection of climate model output from simulations of the past, present and future climate. This unprecedented collection of recent model output is officially known as the "WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset". It is meant to serve the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Working Group 1, which focuses on the physical climate system -- atmosphere, land surface, ocean and sea ice -- and the choice of variables archived reflects this focus. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Program to assess scientific information on climate change. The IPCC publishes reports that summarize the state of the science. The research based on this dataset provided much of the new material underlying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).

This dataset contains output data from a number of models associated with the IPCC Third Assessment Report. This data was processed at the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia. The data extraction was intended for use by the Climate Impacts Community (and was funded by the UK Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Defra). Data from various modelling centres and models: CCCMA, CSIRO, ECHAM4, GFDL99, HADCM3, NIES99.

Data used in Climate Change 2001, the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Simulations of global climate models were run by various climate modelling groups coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) on behalf of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climatology data calculated from global climate model simulations of experiments representative of Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) scenarios: A1F, A1T, A1a, A2a, A2b, A2c, B1a, B2b. The climatologies are 30-year averages. Climate anomalies are expressed relative to the period 1961-1990. The monthly climatology data covers the period from 1961-2100. The climatologies are of global scope and are provided on latitude-longitude grids.

Data used in Climate Change 2001, the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Simulations of global climate models were run by various climate modelling groups coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) on behalf of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climatology data calculated from global climate model simulations of experiments representative of Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) scenarios: A1F, A1T, A1a, A2a, A2b, A2c, B1a, B2b. The climatologies are 30-year averages. Climate anomalies are expressed relative to the period 1961-1990. The monthly climatology data covers the period from 1961-2100. The climatologies are of global scope and are provided on latitude-longitude grids.

Data for Figure 3.25 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 3.25 shows CMIP6 potential temperature and salinity biases for the global ocean, Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- There are panels (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h). The data is in respective subdirectories. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- The dataset contains modelled and observational ocean data (1981-2010) for different ocean basins (global, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian):  - Potential temperature from WOA18 observations - Salinity from WOA18 observations - Potential temperature bias (CMIP6 - WOA18) - Salinity bias (CMIP6 - WOA18) --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Panel a - panel_a/potential_temperature_bias_global_panel_a.nc: data for colored filled contours showing temperature bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_a/WOA_potential_temperature_global_panel_a.nc: data for black contours showing WOA18 temperature from 1981 to 2010 Panel b - panel_b/salinity_bias_global_panel_b.nc:  data for colored filled contours showing salinity bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_b/WOA_salinity_global_panel_b.nc: data for black contours showing WOA18 salinity from 1981 to 2010 Panel c - panel_c/potential_temperature_bias_atlantic_panel_c.nc: data for colored filled contours showing temperature bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_c/WOA_potential_temperature_atlantic_panel_c.nc: data for black contours showing WOA18 temperature from 1981 to 2010 Panel d - panel_d/salinity_bias_atlantic_panel_d.nc: data for colored filled contours showing salinity bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_d/WOA_salinity_atlantic_panel_d.nc: data for black contours showing WOA18 salinity from 1981 to 2010 Panel e - panel_e/potential_temperature_bias_pacific_panel_e.nc: data for colored filled contours showing temperature bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_e/WOA_potential_temperature_pacific_panel_e.nc:  data for black contours showing WOA18 temperature from 1981 to 2010 Panel f - panel_f/salinity_bias_pacific_panel_f.nc: data for colored filled contours showing salinity bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_f/WOA_salinity_pacific_panel_f.nc:  data for black contours showing WOA18 salinity from 1981 to 2010 Panel g - panel_g/potential_temperature_bias_indian_panel_g.nc: data for colored filled contours showing temperature bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_g/WOA_potential_temperature_indian_panel_g.nc:  data for black contours showing WOA18 temperature from 1981 to 2010 Panel h - panel_h/salinity_bias_indian_panel_h.nc: data for colored filled contours showing salinity bias from 1981 to 2010 - panel_h/WOA_salinity_indian_panel_h.nc:  data for black contours showing WOA18 salinity from 1981 to 2010 CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.

Data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.1, Figure 1 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Cross-Chapter Box 3.1, Figure 1 shows 15-year trends of surface global warming for 1998-2012 and 2012-2026. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- The figure has four panels, with data provided for panels a and b in a subdirectory named panel_ab, and for panels c and d in subdirectories named panel_c and panel_d respectively. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- This dataset contains:  - Observed and modelled global annual mean surface temperature and surface air temperature trends for 1998-2012 - Modelled global annual mean surface air temperature trends for 2012-2026 - Observed annual mean surface temperature trends for 1998-2012 - Composite of modelled annual mean surface air temperature trends for 1998-2012 --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Panel a: - gmst_trend_1998-2012 in panel_ab/GMST_trend.csv; HadCRUT5 for histogram, ensemble mean of HadCRUT5 and other observations for open triangles at the top, and multimodel ensemble means of CMIP5 and CMIP6 for open diamonds at the top - gsat_trend_1998-2012 in panel_ab/GSAT_trend.csv; CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles for histograms, ERA5 for the top filled triangle, and multimodel ensemble means of CMIP5 and CMIP6 for filled diamonds at the top Panel b: - gmst_trend_2012-2026 in panel_ab/GMST_trend.csv; multimodel ensemble means of CMIP5 and CMIP6 for open diamonds at the top - gsat_trend_2012-2026 in panel_ab/GSAT_trend.csv; CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles for histograms, and multimodel ensemble means of CMIP5 and CMIP6 for filled diamonds at the top Panel c: - tas in panel_c/TrendPattern_HadCRUT5_mean.nc; shading, with the sig attribute for cross markers Panel d: - tas in panel_d/TrendPattern_composite.nc: shading CMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. HadCRUT5 is a gridded dataset of global historical near-surface air temperature anomalies since the year 1850. --------------------------------------------------- Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data --------------------------------------------------- Multimodel ensemble means and histograms are calculated after weighting each ensemble member with the inverse of the ensemble size of the same model. The values for panels c and d are stored with the K/year unit but scaled to the K/decade, therefore they need to be multiplied by a factor of 10 in order to be consistent with the plotted values. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.

Data for Figure 3.8 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 3.8 shows assessed contributions to observed warming, and supporting lines of evidence. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- The dataset contains the drivers of the attributable warming (2010-2019 relative to 1850-1900): - Observed global warming (2010-2019) - Global warming and its drivers reported in the literature sources  (2010-2019) - Global warming and its drivers calculated from CMIP6 models (2010-2019) --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- - drivers_observed_warming.csv has data for the shadings and markers in the figure. Additional details of data provided in relation to figure in the file header (BADC-CSV file). --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.

Climatology data used in Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) calculated from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) model output. Simulations of global climate models were run by various climate modelling groups coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) on behalf of the IPCC. Climatology data was calculated from global climate model simulations of experiments representative of Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) scenarios: A1b, A2, B1, the commitment scenario experiment (COMMIT), the twentieth century experiment (20C3M), the pre-industrial control (PICTL) and the idealised experiments 1PCTO2X and 1PCTO4X. The AR4 climatologies are 20-year period averages. 30-year period averages have also been calculated for comparison with the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR). The monthly climatology data covers the period from 1850-2100. The climatologies are of global scope and are provided on latitude-longitude grids. The period averages are: 20x: 20-year averages [+20-39, +46-65, +80-99, +180-199] as used in chapter 10 of IPCC 2007, 30a: 30-year averages [+01-30, +31-60, +61-90] as used in the observed climatologies, 30b: 30-year averages [+10-39, +40-69, +70-99] for compatibility with the IPCC 3rd Assessment Report (TAR). The climatology period averages listed above are relative to AD2000 for SRES scenarios A1B, A2, B1, and the commitment scenario COMMIT, relative to AD1900 for the twentieth century run (20C3M) and relative to the start of the experiment for the pre-industrial control (PICTL) and the 1PCTO2X and 1PCTO4X runs. Data files are 'tar' files with names of the form [model]_[experiment]_[variable]_{climatology}.tar. The experiments in this dataset include the SRES future scenarios: A1B Globalisation with rapid economic growth, A2 Regionalisation with regionally oriented economic development, B1 Globalisation with global environmental sustainability. Also: COMMIT simulation of climate change we are committed to given the current loading of greenhouse gasses and zero future emissions. PICTL the pre-industrial control. 20C3M the 20th century climate simulaiton. 1PTO2X and 1PTO4X idealised simulaitons where the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is increased by 1 percent per year from pre-industrial concentration until reaching 2x and 4x the original concentration. The dataset is comprised of monthly mean surface data for the following atmospheric variables: specific humidity, precipitation flux, air pressure at sea level, surface downwelling shortwave flux in air, air temperature, air temperature daily max, air temperature daily min, eastward wind, northward wind.

Data for Figure 3.35 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 3.35 shows Southern Annular Mode indices in the last millennium.   --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- The figure has two panels, and all the data are provided in sam_millennium.nc.   --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- This dataset contains: - Annual SAM reconstructions. - Annual-mean SAM index by CMIP5 and CMIP6 Last Millennium simulations extended by historical simulations. --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Panel a: - sam_abram_runmean, sam_datwyler_runmean: thin blue and brown lines - sam_abram_lowpass, sam_datwyler_lowpass: thick blue and brown lines Panel b: - sam_cmip_runmean: thin lines . MIROC-ES2L: ensemble = 10 (violet) . MRI-ESM2-0: ensemble = 11 (green) . CMIP5: ensemble = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (grey) - sam_cmip_lowpass: thick lines . MIROC-ES2L: ensemble = 10 (violet) . MRI-ESM2-0: ensemble = 11 (green) . CMIP5: ensemble = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (grey) --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website

Data for Figure 3.27 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 3.27 shows maps of multi-decadal salinity trends for the near-surface ocean. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- Technically there are two panels, they are named in the datasets as top and bottom, but the data is stored in the parent directory. Data provided for bottom panel. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- ​​​​​​The dataset contains salinity data: - climatological mean from CMIP6 models (1950-2014) - simulated trend from CMIP6 models (1950-2014) --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- - ocean_salinity_cmip6.nc: climatological salinity (1950-2014) from CMIP6 models (black contours) in a bottom panel - ocean_salinity_trends_cmip6.nc: salinity trends (1950-2014) from CMIP6 models (colored shades) in a bottom panel CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. --------------------------------------------------- Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data --------------------------------------------------- The observational data from here (top panel) is taken from the file: DurackandWijffels_GlobalOceanChanges_19500101-20191231__210122-205355_beta.nc. The field of interest are salinity_mean (shown as black contours) and salinity_change (shown in colourscale). The file was archived as input data for Figure 2.27. The link to this dataset is provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo - Link to input data figure 2.27 - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website