This dataset reports the responses of annual river flow to forestation in 43 catchments and contains 770 data points. Data shows the change in river flow following forestation at annual time scales, along control river flow measurements and associated metadata from primary and secondary sources. Data collection, processing and interpretation were performed by Laura Bentley and David A. Coomes between January 2018 and October 2019. Forestation was defined as a change in land cover from a stable, non-forested state to a forested one, independent of the long-term history of forest cover. Paired measurements of annual river flow following forestation (mm) and river flow under control land cover conditions (mm) are provided for each year that the catchment dataset satisfied our inclusion criteria. River flow response is provided as both an absolute difference (mm) and as a percentage of control flow in the same year. Estimates of catchment annual precipitation, annual potential evapotranspiration, forest age, forest area, and the year of study are provided for each river flow response data point. Metadata are provided concerning catchment land cover history, land use history, catchment area, forest type, average climate and the method of forest establishment. The dataset contains catchments that were planted with trees and catchments in which forest cover regenerated without planting. Historical forest cover was reported in some catchments, and not reported in others. The 43 catchments a distributed unevenly across the globe, in 13 countries. The length of time series for each catchment varies from 2 years to 57 years, with and average duration of 19 years. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/5baa5d91-d552-4fc6-8a8c-29ae45192d77

Sediment and soil samples were collected during a six-month project in 2018 looking at the sources of sediment within the River Derwent Catchment, Yorkshire, UK. The data shows the mineralogical composition of each sample site, processed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The data has been used to understand where instream sediment in the River Derwent is coming from. This information can be used to inform catchment management. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/27a84ac6-c3fd-4c86-9540-f60b4dbfa14f

This dataset contains maximum water depth and maximum water velocity for 12 different Glacial Lake outburst floods (GLOFs) scenarios of the Tsho Rolpa Lake, Nepal. Also included is the water depth of dam breach flow and discharge of dam breach flow under each scenario. The GLOFs scenarios were created using a simple dam breach model. A high-performance hydrodynamic model was then used to simulate the resulting flood hydrodynamics. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/f4292d99-de93-4a28-a821-b2a6a826df4c

Data were collected in 2015 and 2016 to provide information about spatial variations in water depth and river bed morphology (including bedform height) on the South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Water depth measurements were obtained with a Navisound NS 215 system and a Reson TC 2024 200kHz high-resolution dual frequency single beam echo sounder (SBES) operating at a sampling frequency of 10hz. Data were geolocated via a Leica 1230 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) dGPS system. Data were collected in 2015 (between 7th and 9th September) and 2016 (between 2nd and 14th September) as part of NERC project NE/L00738X/1. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/14c80b71-6eb6-4dba-a298-b95a37059f55

Data comprise the number of macro-invertebrate taxa (including family and group name) recorded at four sites on the River Beas in November 2017. Data were generated from kick-sampling following the UK Environment Agency's standard semi-quantitative protocol. Also included are site location information (latitude and longitude). The data were collected by Heriot-Watt University under the Sustaining Himalayan Water Resources in a Changing Climate (SusHi-Wat) project funded by NERC. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/6bfc1787-354d-454f-8277-d9edb1e6455a

This dataset includes dissolved organic radiocarbon content and dissolved organic carbon concentration data for river waters around the globe. The riverine dataset contains already published (n=1163) and new (n=101) data between the years 1962 – 2015. Soil solution data (n=139) from North American and European natural and semi-natural ecosystems are also included, which cover the period 1988 – 2008. Groundwater data containing 49 data points from boreholes in Europe and North America are also provided. Extra data including sampling dates, locations, stable isotope (13C), water quality and qualitative descriptions of the catchments are included in the dataset. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/06b219a8-b3ff-4db7-870a-4b1038ff53e2

This dataset contains instream dissolved oxygen data collected continuously at one minute intervals for five sites in the Hampshire Avon catchment in the United Kingdom. Data were collected between August 2014 and August 2015 using miniDOT loggers. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/840228a7-40a1-4db4-aef0-a9fea2079987

Data comprise modelled flood extents for the Kampala district produced by simulating rainfall events over a 5m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using a 2D finite-volume hydrodynamic model. The DEM was obtained from Makerere University and rainfall events were sampled across a range of depths and durations (for 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm of rainfall over 1, 3 and 6 hours using flood depth thresholds of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm). The effects of infiltration were included within green areas based on spatial data obtained from Makerere University. Maximum depths were converted into extents using various thresholds. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e53dea2e-cb25-4f0f-b5f9-937eecf15aff

Datasets consists of the results of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow simulations for a section of the South Saskatchewan River, Canada. The aim of these CFD simulations was to investigate the effect of dunes on the depth-averaged and near-bed flow fields. Modelling was carried out using the open source CFD package OpenFOAM to solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The dataset consists of two files, one with simulation results for a river bed characterised by alluvial bedforms (dunes) and one for a smooth river bed without dunes. This work was part of NERC project NE/L00738X/1. Digital Surface Models (DSMs) were constructed using imagery obtained on four occasions (13th May 2015; 2nd Sept 2016; 8th June 2017; and 12th June 2017). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/7db04405-2f5e-4543-aa94-948ddbcd588a

This dataset consists of freshwater pond quality data for sites across Great Britain in 2007. Data include macrophyte species records, chemistry and water quality, and environmental variables such as pollution, grazing and management, from ponds surveyed within a set of 591 1km squares across Great Britain (note - not all squares contained ponds). The survey was part of Countryside Survey, a unique study or 'audit' of the natural resources of the UK's countryside, and was carried out by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and Pond Conservation. The sample sites are chosen from a stratified random sample, based on a 15 by 15 km grid of GB. The countryside is sampled and surveyed using rigorous scientific methods, allowing us to compare new results with those from previous surveys. In this way we can detect the gradual and subtle changes that occur in the UK's countryside over time. In addition to freshwater habitat data, habitat areas, vegetation species data, soil data and linear habitat data are also gathered by Countryside Survey. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/cbb9ee99-8078-4dc4-87de-ee99390e579e