This dataset consists of a bed DEM and four velocity maps of Kongsvegen, a surge-type glacier in Svalbard. The bed DEM was generated from ground-penetrating radar surveys in spring 2016 and 2018, and the velocity maps span the period Dec 2017 to Feb 2019. The velocity maps show the initial speed-up of the glacier as it transitions from quiescence to surge. Data acquisition was funded by NERC Urgency Grant NE/R018243/1 REBUS (Resolving Enthalpy Budget to Understand Surges).

Adventdalen is a medium-sized (513 km^2) catchment in continuous permafrost zone of central Spitsbergen. It has 11.7 % glacier cover, a large flat valley floor comprised of uplifted, glaciomarine sediments, covered in the lower part by a veneer of aeolian sediments up to 4 m thick. The geology of the catchment is dominated by sandstones, shales and carbonates. There are a series of five open system pingos that have formed in the valley floor following uplift of the valley bottom over the last 10000 years. This has caused permafrost aggradation in former marine sediments which are up to 60 m thick. During the formation of this new permafrost, high pressure caused expulsion of groundwaters below, resulting in their upward migration. Freezing of the groundwaters as they reached the ground surface caused expansion and thus formation of the pingo. However, freezing no longer occurs at four of the five pingos, meaning that the groundwaters now discharge at the surface. Samples of the emerging groundwaters were collected every March/April, but also opportunistically during summer months, provided the sites weren''t flooded. Analysis of major ions (by ion chromatography), minor constituents (trace metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and silica by colorimetric analysis) and gases (O2, CO2 and CH4) were undertaken. Funding was provided by the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI-Climate Topic 2: Russian Arctic and Boreal Systems) Award No. 71126, distributed to Principal Investigator, Andrew Hodson (then of University of Sheffield) via NERC grant NE/M019829/1.

Microscopy data on the percentages of stem length colonised by (i) hyphal coils, (ii) stained septate hyphae and (iii) dark septate hyphae, and (iv) percentages of rhizoids colonised by hyphae, in 13 leafy liverwort species and two simple thalloid II liverwort species sampled from High Arctic Spitsbergen.

Adventdalen is a medium-sized (513 km2) catchment in continuous permafrost zone of central Spitsbergen. It has 11.7 % glacier cover, a large flat valley floor comprised of uplifted, glaciomarine sediments, covered in the lower part by a veneer of aeolian sediments up to 4 m thick. The geology of the catchment is dominated by sandstones, shales and carbonates. Freshwater samples were collected typically every second day throughout the principal runoff season (late May until early September) during 2015 and 2016 from a downstream site located at the head of the delta. Analysis of major ions (by ion chromatography) and minor constituents (trace metals by icpms and silica by colorimetric analysis). Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/M019829/1.

Adventdalen is a medium-sized (513 km2) catchment in continuous permafrost zone of central Spitsbergen. It is an important study area, but the river is highly unsuitable for monitoring runoff on account of the high sediment yield and extremely unstable channel sections in the large delta. This necessitates the estimation of runoff volume through the application of a suitable model. Daily runoff was therefore simulated using daily precipitation and temperature data series (1991-2016) and the HBV model. Daily water temperature and electrical conductivity were also monitored at the point of interest to provide basic water quality parameters alongside the runoff quantity data. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/M019829/1.

These data are (1) porewater extractions of cores of the permafrost and active layer of Adventdalen, Svalbard, (2) solid-phase extractions of the same cores, and (3) in-situ porewater sampling from the end of the summer, 2017. The aqueous parameters are: major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-), Fe(aq), Mn(aq), aqueous CH4 and CO2 concentrations, delta 13C- CH4, acetate, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, isocaproic acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity. The solid parameters are: organic carbon, nitrogen, acid volatile sulphur (AVS), chromium-reducible sulphur (CRS), amorphous and nanoparticulate iron (oxyhydr)oxides, crystalline iron (oxyhydr)oxides, iron bound in carbonates, and magnetite. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/M019829/1.

Data on CO2 and CH4 exchange rates between soil and atmosphere, soil temperatures, bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes, fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) copies and the relative abundances of the 40 most abundant bacterial taxa in the 48 plots of a soil warming and irrigation experiment on Svalbard in the High Arctic. On 2014-09-10, a soil warming and irrigation experiment was set up at Kongsfjordneset on the Brogger Peninsula, Svalbard. Warming was applied continuously with open top chambers and the irrigation treatment was applied in mid-late June and late August each year. Greenhouse gas exchange between the soil and atmosphere was measured on 2018-08-23 and 2018-08-26. At this time, soil samples were taken for DNA analyses and the amount of bacterial and fungal DNA present in soil was measured. The 40 most frequent bacterial operational taxonomic units were also determined. This project was funded by UK Natural Environment Research Council (core funding to the British Antarctic Survey), the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100) and Seoul National University.