This dataset contains greenhouse gas profile measurements from the Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis (AMAZONICA) project. AMAZONICA was an UK-Brasil Consortium funded by NERC (Natural Environmental Reasearch Council, UK) which aimed to quantify the carbon balance of the Amazon Basin and its associated contribution to global atmospheric change, to apportion and understand the processes contributing to the net Basin-wide flux observed and, to allow improved assessments of the likely role of the Amazon Basin in contributing and/or alleviating future planetary change. Data were collected and collated by the AMAZONICA team in the UK and Brazil and were deposited at BADC before the end of the project (expected end 2012 - mid 2013).

Profiles of greenhouse gases CO, CO2 and CH4 taken on board a small aircraft descending in a spiral from approximately 4,420m to about 300m a.s.l. (as close to the forest canopy as possible). Samples were taken by semi-automatically filling 12 (for the Tabatinga (TAB 69.7W, 6.0S), Alta Floresta (ALF 56.7W, 8.9S) and Rio Branco (RBA 67.9W, 9.3S) sites) and 17 (for the Santarem (SAN 65.0W, 2.9S) site) 0.7-litre flasks controlled from a microprocessor and contained in one suitcase. The profiles were taken frequently throughout the measurement campaign (2010-2012) between 12:00 and 13:00 local time - at which time, the boundary layer is close to being fully developed. Once a vertical profile had been sampled (one suitcase filled) it was analysed at the IPEN Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory in Sao Paulo, using a replica of the NOAA/ ESRL trace gas analysis system.

This dataset contains monthly global carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. A spectrally-resolved photoacclimation model was unified with a primary production model that simulated photosynthesis as a function of irradiance using a two-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) function to estimate the carbon content of marine phytoplankton based on ocean-colour remote sensing products (Sathyendranath et al. 2020 and references therein for details). The photoacclimation model contains a maximum chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio for three different phytoplankton size classes (pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton) that was inferred from field data, as in Sathyendranath et al. (2020). Chlorophyll-a products were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI v5.0 dataset). Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were corrected for inter-sensor bias in products. Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) was obtained from the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea (Ifremer). In situ datasets P-I parameters were incorporated as described in Kulk et al. (2020). The phytoplankton carbon products were generated as part of the ESA Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) project. Support from the Simons Foundation grant ‘Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems’ (CBIOMES, number 549947) and from the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) is acknowledged. Data are provided as netCDF files containing carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. Additional variables that were used for the calculation of the phytoplankton carbon products are also provided, including chlorophyll-a (chl_a in mg m-3), photosynthetically activate radiation (par, in µmol photons m-2 d-1), mixed layer depth (mld in m) and the mean spectral nondimensional irradiance (mean_spectral_i_star). References: Sathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Marañón, E.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H.A. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Applies Optics, 2020, 59, C100. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252 Kulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A., Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón, E.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12,826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826

Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS) is a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) funded project, aimed at studying the chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer in greater detail, and for a longer duration, than has previously been attempted. Field measurements were carried out at the British Antarctic Survey station, Halley, at the Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab). Year-round measurements began in February 2004, and a summer campaign focussing on oxidants ran during January/February 2005, after which CHABLIS fieldwork ended. The dataset includes Aethalometer black carbon data at Halley Station. Access to this dataset is now public.

Faecal pellets and eggs of Antarctic silverfish have been collected over the seasons using a sediment trap deployed on 1998 in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica in the frame of the National Italian Antarctic Research project (PNRA). Antarctic silverfish (ASF) accounts for over 90% of the local fish communities in the Southern Ocean costal area. Samples have been investigated in order to quantify the contribution of fish faecal pellets and eggs to the export of carbon. Funding: CLIMA project (Climatic Long-term Interactions for the Mass Balance in Antarctica) of the Italian National Program for Research in Antarctica.

Data from observations made at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) which exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data. The observatory is based on Calhau Island of São Vicente, Cape Verde at 16.848N, 24.871W, in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution. The dataset contains long term measurements of CO mixing ratio made from 7.5m using a fast response vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence CO analyser (Aerolaser 5001) 2008-2015 and using a Picarro G2401 Analyser from 2015 onwards .

Zooplankton faecal pellet abundance, volume and flux were determined from samples collected at three stations in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean during cruise JR304. Samples were collected at six depths within the 0 - 400 m epi- to upper mesopelagic using Niskin bottles attached to a CTD unit and were preserved in a formalin-based solution. Fluorescence data were collected during the same deployments. Sampling was performed by C. Liszka and G. Tarling on board RRS James Clark Ross. Sample analysis was performed by C. Liszka at British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge.

In 1991 a nitrogen x phosphorus fertilisation experiment on dwarf shrub tundra close to Ny-Alesund, Svalbard was established. Treatments (0, 10, 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1; 0, 5 kg P ha-1 yr-1) were applied to Cassiope heath for 3 years and Dryas heath for 8 years. In 2011 the experiment was revisited to investigate the persistence of effects of fertilisation on species composition, vegetation nutrient status and ecosystem carbon stocks. The whole experiment has been led by Dr Sarah Woodin and colleagues, University of Aberdeen. The 2011 study, for which data are provided, was undertaken by Dr Lorna Street. Funded was provided by the NERC grant NE/I016899/1