This dataset includes manual measurements in centimetres from the surface of the soil of water table depth at the Climoor fieldsite in the Clocaenog Forest, north-east Wales. Water table depth was collected via water permeable tubes installed through the soil profile down to bedrock. Measurements were taken, usually every two weeks, using a tape measure and head torch to assist in seeing the water level in the tube. Data was collected by CEH staff and PhD students trained in the use of the methods. Climoor is a climate change manipulation experiment that utilises automated roof technology to produce drought and warming experimental treatments that reflect climate change predictions for the next 20-30 years. Data are available from May 2009 to March 2015. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/029c060d-a061-4e27-96ff-c0826351e7e3

This dataset consists of monthly mean inshore surface water temperature (degrees C) data from Windermere, a lake in northern England. Data collection began in 1933, but data are presented here from 1946 onwards. The data were initially collected by the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA), then by CEH and its predecessor Institute of Freshwater Ecology (IFE) from 1989 to 2003, and subsequently again by FBA. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/453fdf49-7328-42ec-94b7-1cebf06c51e2

The UK daily temperature data describe maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements are recorded by observation stations across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to present.

The ESA funded GlobSnow project produced snow water equivalent (SWE) monthly estimates for the Northern Hemisphere for the years 1979-2013. SWE describes the amount of liquid water in the snow pack that would be formed if the snow pack was completely melted. The monthly aggregate, a single product for each month, is calculated by determining the mean and the maximum of the weekly SWE samples. This dataset presents the monthly maximum value of SWE only. The SWE product shall cover the Northern Hemisphere, excluding the mountainous areas, Greenland, the glaciers and snow on ice (lakes/seas/oceans). The spatial resolution of the product is 25 km on EASE-grid projection. Construction of the 30 years historical data set will be carried out using SMMR, SSM/I and SSMI/S data along with ground-based weather station data. The data are utilized for the different years as follows: 1979/09/11 - 1987/10/30 SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer onboard Nimbus-7 satellite) 1987/11/01 - 2008/12/31 SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager onboard the DMSP satellite series F8/F11/F13) 2009/01/01 - present SSM/I(S) (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (Sounder) onboard the DMSP satellite series F17/F18/) These data may be redistributed and used without restriction.

HadEX3 is a land-surface dataset of climate extremes indices available on a 1.875 x 1.25 longitude-latitude grid. These 29 indices have been developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Daily precipitation, as well as maximum and minimum temperature observations, are used to calculate these indices at each station. The daily data, as well as indices, have been supplied, quality controlled and combined to make a gridded set of NetCDF files covering 1901-2018 (inclusive). Spatial coverage is determined by the number of stations present at each time point as well as the spatial correlation structure between the stations for each index. The spatial coverage is lowest at the beginning of the dataset, rising until around 1960 where it plateaus, and then declines slightly after 2010. All indices are available as annual quantities, with a subset also available on a monthly basis. A number of the indices use a reference period to determine thresholds. For these, we provide two versions, one set using 1961-1990 and another using the more recent 1981-2010 (these reference periods have been indicated in the file name as either 'ref-6190' or 'ref-8110'). Version 3.0.3 was added due to an error in how the Rx1day and Rx5day data were being handled for one of the West African data sources. More details can be found in the HadEX3 blog under 'Details/Docs' tab.

The ESA funded GlobSnow project produced snow water equivalent (SWE) monthly estimates for the Northern Hemisphere for the years 1979-2013. SWE describes the amount of liquid water in the snow pack that would be formed if the snow pack was completely melted. The monthly aggregate, a single product for each month, is calculated by determining the mean and the maximum of the weekly SWE samples. The SWE product shall cover the Northern Hemisphere, excluding the mountainous areas, Greenland, the glaciers and snow on ice (lakes/seas/oceans). The spatial resolution of the product is 25 km on EASE-grid projection. Construction of the 30 years historical data set will be carried out using SMMR, SSM/I and SSMI/S data along with ground-based weather station data. The data are utilized for the different years as follows: 1979/09/11 - 1987/10/30 SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer onboard Nimbus-7 satellite) 1987/11/01 - 2008/12/31 SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager onboard the DMSP satellite series F8/F11/F13) 2009/01/01 - present SSM/I(S) (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (Sounder) onboard the DMSP satellite series F17/F18/) These data may be redistributed and used without restriction.

The ESA funded GlobSnow project produced snow water equivalent (SWE) 7-day estimates for the Northern Hemisphere for the years 1979-2013. SWE describes the amount of liquid water in the snow pack that would be formed if the snow pack was completely melted. Weekly Aggregated Snow Water Equivalent (Weekly L3B SWE) were calculated for each day based on a 7-day sliding time window aggregation of the daily SWE product. The SWE product shall cover the Northern Hemisphere, excluding the mountainous areas, Greenland, the glaciers and snow on ice (lakes/seas/oceans) The spatial resolution of the product is 25 km on EASE-grid projection. Construction of the 30 years historical data set will be carried out using SMMR, SSM/I and SSMI/S data along with ground-based weather station data. The data are utilized for the different years as follows: 1979/09/11 - 1987/10/30 SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer onboard Nimbus-7 satellite) 1987/11/01 - 2008/12/31 SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager onboard the DMSP satellite series F8/F11/F13) 2009/01/01 - present SSM/I(S) (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager onboard the DMSP satellite series F17/F18/) These data may be redistributed and used without restriction.

The UK daily weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on a 24 hour time scale. The measurements of sunshine duration, concrete state, snow depth, fresh snow depth, and days of snow, hail, thunder and gail were attained by observation stations across the UK and transmitted within DLY3208, NCM, AWSDLY and SYNOP messages. The data span from 1880 to present.

HadEX3 is a land-surface dataset of climate extremes indices available on a 1.875 x 1.25 longitude-latitude grid. These 29 indices have been developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Daily precipitation, as well as maximum and minimum temperature observations, are used to calculate these indices at each station. The daily data, as well as indices, have been supplied, quality controlled and combined to make a gridded set of NetCDF files covering 1901-2018 (inclusive). Spatial coverage is determined by the number of stations present at each time point as well as the spatial correlation structure between the stations for each index. The spatial coverage is lowest at the beginning of the dataset, rising until around 1960 where it plateaus, and then declines slightly after 2010. All indices are available as annual quantities, with a subset also available on a monthly basis. A number of the indices use a reference period to determine thresholds. For these, we provide two versions, one set using 1961-1990 and another using the more recent 1981-2010 (these reference periods have been indicated in the file name as either 'ref-6190' or 'ref-8110'). Version 3.0.2 was added due to a correction to the land-sea mask used. More details can be found in the HadEX3 blog under 'Details/Docs' tab.

HadEX3 is a land-surface dataset of climate extremes indices available on a 1.875 x 1.25 longitude-latitude grid. These 29 indices have been developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Daily precipitation, as well as maximum and minimum temperature observations, are used to calculate these indices at each station. The daily data, as well as indices, have been supplied, quality controlled and combined to make a gridded set of NetCDF files covering 1901-2018 (inclusive). Spatial coverage is determined by the number of stations present at each time point as well as the spatial correlation structure between the stations for each index. The spatial coverage is lowest at the beginning of the dataset, rising until around 1960 where it plateaus, and then declines slightly after 2010. All indices are available as annual quantities, with a subset also available on a monthly basis. A number of the indices use a reference period to determine thresholds. For these, we provide two versions, one set using 1961-1990 and another using the more recent 1981-2010 (these reference periods have been indicated in the file name as either 'ref-6190' or 'ref-8110').