This dataset contains model output data on sulphate aerosols, aerosol size distributions and radiative fluxes produced from experiments that used different values of cloud-water pH. The composition-climate model HadGEM3-UKCA was run over the period 1970 to 2009 to investigate the effect of temporal changes in cloud-water pH on sulphate aerosol formation and the subsequent impact on climate. HadGEM3-UKCA is the climate model configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (UM). Vn7.3 of the UM was used in this study and included a branch to the CLOMAP-Mode aerosol scheme. Model simulations were conducted at a global resolution of 1.875° x 1.25°.

The dataset consists of pH values from soil samples taken in Roudsea Wood National Nature Reserve in 1961. Soil samples were taken from between 5 and 10cm in depth from transects across the reserve and from under oak trees. pH was measured by the Woodlands Research Section at The Nature Conservancy's Merlewood Research Station, Grange over Sands, Cumbria and the data have been stored and digitised by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/1b977181-a3bf-4535-b38e-32509001f7aa

The dataset comprises the pH of a 10 gram soil sample from the top 5 centimetre of soil taken within each 1metre (m) x 1m quadrat. Sampling was conducted at six salt marsh sites at four spatial scales: 1 m (the minimal sampling unit) nested within a hierarchy of increasing scales of 1-10 m, 10-100 m and 100-1000 m. Three of the sites were in Morecambe Bay, North West England and three of the sites were in Essex, South East England. The Morecambe Bay samples were taken during the winter and summer of 2013. The Essex samples were taken during the winter, early spring and summer of 2013. This data was collected as part of Coastal Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (CBESS): NE/J015644/1. The project was funded with support from the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Sustainability (BESS) programme. BESS is a six-year programme (2011-2017) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of the UK's Living with Environmental Change (LWEC) programme. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c726249f-c2d8-4aeb-9af2-60a40de40be2

This web map service presents modelled estimates of soil pH, carbon concentration (g kg-1), nitrogen concentration (% dry weight soil) and invertebrate density (individuals m-2) at 1km2 resolution across Great Britain. A Generalized Additive Model approach was used with Countryside Survey soil data from 2007 and including climate, atmospheric deposition, habitat, soil and spatial predictors. The models are based on data from Countryside Survey sample locations across Great Britain and are representative of 0-8cm soil depth for invertebrates and 0-15 cm soil depth for other variables. The Countryside Survey looks at a range of physical, chemical and biological properties of the topsoil from a representative sample of habitats across the UK. Loss-on-ignition (LOI) was determined by combustion of 10g dry soil at 375 degrees Celsius for 16 hours; carbon concentration was estimated by multiplying LOI by a factor of 0.55. Soil N concentration was determined using a total elemental analyser. Soil pH was measured using 10g of field moist soil with 25ml de-ionised water giving a ratio of soil to water of 1:2.5 by weight. Soil invertebrates were extracted from cores using a dry Tullgren extraction method and enumerated by microscope

Data comprise pH and bulk density measurements (location (longitude, latitude), depth, bulk density) for multiple soil profiles in the SikSik catchment, North West Territories, Canada. Samples were collected along a transect in September 2014. Soil samples were taken near additional soil pits. Soil depth and sampling location (latitude and longitude) was recorded. Bulk density was determined according to Blake and Hartge (1986). pH was determined with the 1:5 soil:water suspension method (see supporting documentation). The data were collected under Project HYDRA, a NERC funded UK research project linking Heriot Watt University, the Universities of Durham, Aberdeen and Stirling, and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh. Project HYDRA is part of the UK Arctic Research Programme. Project HYDRA studies sites in Arctic Canada to investigate the biological, chemical and physical controls on the release of greenhouse gases from permafrost into melt water and to the atmosphere and how these emissions will influence global warming. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/a37e6aa4-b003-49bd-9a16-619a7d0dd714

The dataset contains borehole groundwater levels and physico-chemical parameters for the period May 2017 to June 2018 including; (1) near-monthly measurements of water table depth, groundwater temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids obtained from manual sampling of 22 boreholes; and (2) higher temporal resolution (5-min time-step) timeseries of water table depth, groundwater temperature and electrical conductivity obtained from automatic dataloggers in 3 of the abovementioned boreholes. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/40a80d95-5a8a-4586-aa24-d6c87f9968b6

This dataset comprises of derived annual statistics for measures of rainfall, streamflow, temperature and stream acidity (pH) for a stream, draining a small, approximately 0.6 square kilometres, upland grassland catchment. The stream, Nant Esgair Garn, drains into the Llyn Brianne reservoir, Powys, United Kingdom. The data are for a 31 year period covering 1st April 1982 to 1st April 2012. The streamflow and acidity data are derived from 15 minute resolution observations throughout the calendar year 2013 from associated stream gauging and water quality stations on the Nant Esgair Garn. The monthly rainfall measures presented, were derived from local rain gauges. The monthly temperature measures presented were derived from observations at a weather station near Talgarth, Powys. Routines within the Lancaster University Computer-Aided Program for Time-series Analysis and Identification of Noisy Systems (CAPTAIN) Toolbox for Matlab were used to develop a dynamic model of these data. These models were then used to simulate the 31-year record for which monthly statistics were derived. The statistics were derived to develop greater understanding of the controls on the long-term dynamics of aquatic biodiversity observed by other researchers in this stream. The work was part of the Diversity in Upland River Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project, NERC grant NE/J014826/1. Members of staff from the Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University installed, maintained and downloaded the stream gauging and water quality stations and also carried out statistical analysis of the data. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/00185590-537e-40e4-969c-039f44b4dad9

This dataset contains results from in situ field measurements of riverbed nitrogen transformations in the Hammer Stream, a sandy tributary of the River Rother in West Sussex, UK. Measurements were performed in November 2014 and February, April and July 2015. The data include baseline concentrations of nutrients (NO2, NO3, NH3, PO4), chloride, oxygen, pH, temperature, Fe(II), organic carbon, 15N-N2 and methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) sampled from porewater prior to injection of 15N-nitrate. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/7ded510f-3955-4b92-851d-29c0f79a0b99

This dataset comprises of derived annual statistics for measures of rainfall, streamflow, temperature and stream acidity (pH) for a stream, draining a small, approximately 1.2 square kilometres, upland conifer catchment. The stream, Nant Trawsnant, drains into the Llyn Brianne reservoir, Powys, United Kingdom. The data are for a 31 year period covering 1st April 1982 to 1st April 2012. The streamflow and acidity data are derived from 15 minute resolution observations throughout the calendar year 2013 from associated stream gauging and water quality stations on the Nant Trawsnant. The monthly rainfall measures presented, were derived from local rain gauges. The monthly temperature measures presented were derived from observations at a weather station near Talgarth, Powys. Routines within the Lancaster University Computer-Aided Program for Time-series Analysis and Identification of Noisy Systems (CAPTAIN) Toolbox for Matlab were used to develop a dynamic model of these data. These models were then used to simulate the 31-year record for which monthly statistics were derived. The statistics were derived to develop greater understanding of the controls on the long-term dynamics of aquatic biodiversity observed by other researchers in this stream. The work was part of the Diversity in Upland River Ecosystem Service Sustainability (DURESS) project, NERC grant NE/J014826/1. Members of staff from the Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University installed, maintained and downloaded the stream gauging and water quality stations and also carried out statistical analysis of the data. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b085a784-0e16-4174-b208-465a8f43c8c8

The dataset contains CO2 efflux, hydraulic and water chemistry data from six field sites which vary in location, size and catchment characteristics. Measurements were made at: i) two sites in the UK - the River Kelvin (335 km2, semi-urban catchment) and Drumtee water (9.6 km2, peat dominated catchment); ii) four sites in the Peruvian Amazon - Main Trail (5 km2, seasonally active stream in a rainforest catchment), New Colpita stream (7 km2, perennial stream in a rainforest catchment), La Torre river (2000 km2, rainforest catchment) and Tambopata river (14 000 km2, rainforest catchment with some small scale agriculture and gold mining). CO2 efflux was measured at all sites on each sampling occasion alongside a range of other parameters to enable investigation into the controls on CO2 efflux. Parameters measured include flow velocity and water depth (from which other hydraulic parameters can be calculated), DIC concentration and pH (from which pCO2 can be calculated) and water temperature. Sampling was carried out over several years, thus capturing a range of seasons and flow conditions, and at all sites, measurement locations were chosen to ensure that a range of flow intensities were included. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/02d5cea7-10aa-4591-938a-a41e1c5bc207