This dataset contains the raw data from GNSS/INS (Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System) buoys deployed during the 2019-2020 MOSAiC expedition. These buoys recorded the data from GNSS and Sensors. The raw GNSS data contain time, latitude, longitude, velocity, and fix type. The raw Sensors data contain time, acceleration, gyroscope, magnetometer, and temperature. These data were sampled at 10 Hz. The original data was in ANPP format (see advancednavigation.com), which have been converted to structured ASCII formats (such as RINEX, CSV) using Spatial Manager software. The buoys were assembled by the University of Huddersfield team and the deployment was done by the MOSAiC ice team throughout the expedition. This work was funded by NERC MOSAiC program NE/S002545/1.

These datasets show how lake water-pressure fluctuated through time over several months in seasonally-frozen catchments in winter. These catchments were in three settings: the lowland Finnish Arctic, an alpine valley and a high cirque in Switzerland. The water-pressure data are accompanied by water temperature and (except for Orajarvi), ground temperature for the same periods. Together, they were used to detect and quantify the water content of snow falling on the lake surfaces. The locations, method of data collection and analysis and the results are described in detail in Pritchard, H. D., Farinotti, D., & Colwell, S. (2021). This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey, and a fellowship from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.