PRIMAVERA Project data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-LR model output for the "forced atmosphere experiment for 1950-2014" (highresSST-present) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: Prim6hr, Prim6hrPt and Primday. The runs included the ensemble members: r1i1p1f1, r2i1p1f1, r3i1p1f1, r4i1p1f1, r5i1p1f1, r6i1p1f1, r7i1p1f1 and r8i1p1f1. PRIMAVERA was a European Union Horizon2020 (grant agreement 641727) project.

PRIMAVERA Project data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-HR model output for the "primWP5-amv-pos" experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: 6hrPlevPt, Amon, LImon, Lmon, Omon, SImon and day. The runs included the ensemble members: r10i1p1f1, r11i1p1f1, r12i1p1f1, r13i1p1f1, r14i1p1f1, r15i1p1f1, r1i1p1f1, r2i1p1f1, r3i1p1f1, r4i1p1f1, r5i1p1f1, r6i1p1f1, r7i1p1f1, r8i1p1f1 and r9i1p1f1. PRIMAVERA was a European Union Horizon2020 (grant agreement 641727) project.

ERA-Interim is the latest European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global atmospheric reanalysis of the period 1979 to August 2019. This follows on from the ERA-15 and ERA-40 re-analysis projects. The dataset includes synoptic monthly mean analysed surace level data on a reduced N256 Gaussian grid. Data are available at the 00, 06, 12 and 18 UT analysis times.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-LR model output for the "forced atmosphere experiment for 1950-2014" (highresSST-present) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: 6hrPlevPt, Amon, LImon, Lmon and day. The runs included the ensemble members: r1i1p1f1, r2i1p1f1, r3i1p1f1, r4i1p1f1, r5i1p1f1, r6i1p1f1, r7i1p1f1 and r8i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

Surface level forecast parameters on a reduced N256 Gaussian grid from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) ERA-Interim programme. The ERA-Interim global atmospheric reanalysis of the covers 1979 to August 2019. This follows on from the ERA-15 and ERA-40 re-analysis projects This subset of the ERA-Interim dataset contains 45 parameters.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-LR model output for the "coupled control with fixed 1950's forcing (HighResMIP equivalent of pre-industrial control)" (control-1950) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: 6hrPlevPt, Amon, LImon, Lmon, Oday, Omon, SIday, SImon and day. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-HR model output for the "coupled control with fixed 1950's forcing (HighResMIP equivalent of pre-industrial control)" (control-1950) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: 6hrPlevPt, Amon, LImon, Lmon, Oday, Omon, SIday, SImon and day. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

PRIMAVERA Project data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-HR model output for the "coupled historical 1950-2014" (hist-1950) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: Prim6hr, Prim6hrPt, PrimOday, PrimOmon, PrimSIday and Primday. The runs included the ensemble members: r1i1p1f1, r2i1p1f1, r3i1p1f1, r4i1p1f1, r5i1p1f1 and r6i1p1f1. PRIMAVERA was a European Union Horizon2020 (grant agreement 641727) project.

This dataset contains ERA5.1 surface level analysis parameter data for the period 2000-2006 from 10 member ensemble runs. ERA5.1 is the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) ERA5 reanalysis project re-run for 2000-2006 to improve upon the cold bias in the lower stratosphere seen in ERA5 (see technical memorandum 859 in the linked documentation section for further details). Ensemble means and spreads are calculated from these 10 member ensemble, run at a reduced resolution compared with the single high resolution (hourly output at 31 km grid spacing) 'HRES' realisation, for which these data have been produced to provide an uncertainty estimate. This dataset contains a limited selection of all available variables and have been converted to netCDF from the original GRIB files held on the ECMWF system. They have also been translated onto a regular latitude-longitude grid during the extraction process from the ECMWF holdings. For a fuller set of variables please see the linked Copernicus Data Store (CDS) data tool, linked to from this record. Note, ensemble standard deviation is often referred to as ensemble spread and is calculated as the standard deviation of the 10-members in the ensemble (i.e., including the control). It is not the sample standard deviation, and thus were calculated by dividing by 10 rather than 9 (N-1). See linked datasets for ensemble mean and ensemble spread data. The main ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis of the covers 1979 to 2 months behind the present month. This follows on from the ERA-15, ERA-40 rand ERA-interim re-analysis projects. An initial release of ERA5 data, ERA5t, are also available upto 5 days behind the present. A limited selection of data from these runs are also available via CEDA, whilst full access is available via the Copernicus Data Store.

PRIMAVERA Project data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ECMWF-IFS-MR model output for the "coupled spinup with fixed 1950s forcings from 1950 initial conditions (with ocean at rest) to provide initial condition for control-1950 and hist-1950" (spinup-1950) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: PrimOday, PrimOmon and PrimSIday. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. PRIMAVERA was a European Union Horizon2020 (grant agreement 641727) project.